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Initially regarded as perfume boxes, amulet-holders, or pendants, seal-boxes are now generally accepted as having been containers for wax imprints used to seal a range of items, and written documents in particular. In this paper, we assume that most will have been used to seal letters on wax tablets.
Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site – Upper Moesia (Stari Kostolac, Serbia), mainly from the area of the necropolis (ten were found in the graves and ten at the cemetery between the graves). Six are from buildings that had a storage function, five are from public facilities – an amphitheatre, and only one find is from the military fort of the legion VII Claudia, which was stationed in Viminacium in the second half of the 1st century. Thirty-two seal boxes have been processed: nine whole, six with fragmented upper and lower parts, seven bases and ten covers. Seal boxes consist of two parts: the cover and the base. The cover is decorated with figural images, concentric rings and especially with applied ornaments. Some of the motifs are filled with enamel. The base always has three to five circular perforations at the bottom, the side walls are a height of 4 to 5 mm with two opposed notches or slots which are thought to have facilitated the tying of the seal box to a package or a document. The lock mechanism is operated using the hinges principle. Some specimens have a circular extension on the cover with a thorn on the bottom. This fits the hollow in the base, through which passes a thorn for the additional fixing of the cover. Based on shape and decoration, seal boxes were classified into five types: I – elliptical or oval shaped with a figural representation on the cover derived in relief; II/1 – leaf or heart-shaped with a special, riveted ornament; II/2 – leaf or heart-shaped with enamel on the cover; III/1 – circular showing a form in relief; III/2 – circular with cast concentric rings, with no enamel; III/3 – circular with concentric rings with enamel on the cover; IV – diamond shaped with enamel on the cover and V – square with enamel on the cover. The seal boxes dominate chronologically from the first half of the 2nd and throughout the 3rd century
The paper is dedicated to the unique find from Sremska Mitrovica in which the author recognizes the lid of the Roman seal-box. The lid originates from the area of Nova ciglana in Sremska Mitrovica i.e. eastern necropolis of Roman Sirmium. It was purchased for the Museum of Srem in 1968. It belongs to the type of circular shaped seal-boxes with a riveted zoomorphic decoration on the lid (Type 5a, Andrews C2D6) which has been dated from the epoch of the Flavian emperors until the end of the reign of Emperor Trajan (mid I to the second decade of the II century). It is made of copper alloy by casting and the details еxecuted in niello. Seal-boxes bearing the representation of an eagle are usually recorded in the Roman garrison centers and their immediate environment. They are often associated with the presence of the Roman army, its official correspondence and economic transactions. The finds of these objects in the graves of civilians, however, point to a different, often secondary use of the seal-boxes, most likely derived from their decorativeness and iconographic content.
АРХАИКА
Roman Seal-box from Sirmium/ Поклопац римске печатне кутијице из Сирмијума, АРХАИКА 4/2016, 105-117.2016 •
The paper is dedicated to the unique find from Sremska Mitrovica in which the author recognizes the lid of the Roman seal-box. The lid originates from the area of Nova ciglana in Sremska Mitrovica i.e. eastern necropolis of Roman Sirmium. It was purchased for the Museum of Srem in 1968. It belongs to the type of circular shaped seal-boxes with a riveted zoomorphic decoration on the lid (Type 5a, Andrews C2D6) which has been dated from the epoch of the Flavian emperors until the end of the reign of Emperor Trajan (mid I to the second decade of the II century). It is made of copper alloy by casting and the details еxecuted in niello. Seal-boxes bearing the representation of an eagle are usually recorded in the Roman garrison centers and their immediate environment. They are often associated with the presence of the Roman army, its official correspondence and economic transactions. The finds of these objects in the graves of civilians, however, point to a different, often secondary use of the seal-boxes, most likely derived from their decorativeness and iconographic content. Keywords: Roman period, seal-boxes, Sirmium, eagle, copper alloy, enamel, niello, Roman army.
In: Breeze, D. J., Jones, R. H. and Oltean, I. 2015, Understanding Roman Frontiers, Celebrating Professor Bill Hanson, Edinburgh: John Donald, 135-153. Available on academia in 2018.
Frontier finds – Military fashions. In: Breeze, D. J., Jones, R. H. and Oltean, I. (eds), 2015: Understanding Roman Frontiers, Celebrating Professor Bill Hanson, Edinburgh: John Donald, 135-153.2015 •
July edition of the Roman Finds Group's bi-annual newsletter Lucerna, featuring articles on ‘Bügelzangen’ and related objects from Roman London by O. Humphreys and M. Marshall, and recent finds from PAS by K. Adams, D. Boughton, A. Byard, R. Griffiths, M. Phelps, D. Williams, J. Pearce and S. Worrell
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